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实木中药柜制作中需要注意哪些事项呢？
（一）材料选择
(1) material selection
中草药取自于自然植物的花果根茎，与实木同根同源，是完美的统一，因此，采用实木木材作为中药柜的加工材料，体现了这种完美和谐和统一。在选择实木原料时，应注意到：中药材虽与中药柜一样取自于各种植物，但它们的根本区别在于，前者需要的是材料的化学特性，后者需要的是材料的力学强度，前者是植物的花果枝叶，后者是大型植物（乔木）的主要躯干。基于以上考虑，在选择中药柜材料时，一要考虑材料具有足够强度，所做成的中药柜有足够的牢固性以支撑存储够量的药材。同时，还应注意到所选择的材料应是无味或不具有影响中药材药理的材料。大自然材料千变万化，在选择加工材料方面也和选用药材一样，需要科学分析和研究，以科学态度分析各种木材的物理力学和化学特性，同时也应辅以适当的木材处理方法，使木材对药材的影响不产生作用或产生有益的作用。木材中药柜对保存中药材另一个实用的好处就是在环境中具有一定的吸湿性，对环境气候有一定的调节作用，可以减少环境对中药药材的影响。在材料的实际选择中还应注重材料纹理的搭配，选择符合所需零件的尺寸规格，应材适用才能既节约木材，又保证质量。
Chinese herbal medicines are derived from the rhizomes of flowers and fruits of natural plants and have the same roots with real wood, which is a perfect unity. Therefore, the use of solid wood as the processing material of Chinese herbal medicine cabinet reflects the perfect harmony and unity. When choosing solid wood materials, it should be noted that although Chinese herbal medicines are derived from various plants, the fundamental difference between them is that the former requires the chemical properties of the materials, while the latter requires the mechanical strength of the materials, the former is the flowers, fruits, branches and leaves of plants, and the latter is the main trunk of large plants (trees). Based on the above considerations, in the selection of traditional Chinese medicine cabinet materials, one should consider that the material has enough strength, the cabinet made of traditional Chinese medicine has enough firmness to support the storage of enough medicinal materials. At the same time, it should also be noted that the materials selected should be tasteless or have no effect on the pharmacology of Chinese medicinal herbs. Natural materials are ever-changing, and the selection of processing materials is the same as the selection of medicinal materials. Scientific analysis and research are needed to analyze the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of various kinds of wood with a scientific attitude. At the same time, appropriate wood treatment methods should be supplemented to ensure that the influence of wood on medicinal materials does not produce any effect or beneficial effect. Another practical advantage of wood cabinet for preservation of Chinese herbal medicines is that it has a certain hygroscopicity in the environment, has a certain regulatory effect on the environment and climate, and can reduce the impact of the environment on Chinese herbal medicines. In the actual selection of materials, we should also pay attention to the matching of material texture, choose the size and specifications that meet the requirements of the parts. Only when the materials are suitable can we not only save wood, but also ensure the quality.
（二）木材干燥
(two) wood drying
实木木材最大的特点就是具有吸湿性，不经人工干燥的木材容易变形开裂，因此，选择经过人工干燥到当地平衡含水率以下的木材是必要的选项，中药柜对中药柜的尺寸稳定性要求非常高，如果产品细小的变形，必将导致斗柜开启困难，甚至无法抽拉，不同地区的气候条件不同，木材平衡含水率不同，对木材干燥后的含水率要求也不同，因此，在制造中药柜中药柜时，还应考虑各地区的影响。如广东地区木材平衡含水率是15.9%，广东地区中药柜用材含水率一般控制在14%以下，但各地不同，一般情况下，供北方的产品出厂含水率应低于供南方的产品。
The greatest characteristic of solid wood is that it is hygroscopic and easy to deform and crack without artificial drying. Therefore, it is necessary to choose wood which is dried artificially to the local equilibrium moisture content. The dimension stability of Chinese medicine cabinet is very high. If the product is small deformation, it will lead to cupboard. It is difficult to open, even unable to pull, different climatic conditions in different regions, wood balance moisture content is different, wood drying moisture requirements are different, therefore, in the manufacture of Chinese medicine cabinets, should also consider the impact of different regions. For example, the balanced moisture content of wood in Guangdong is 15.9%, and the moisture content of Chinese medicine cabinet materials in Guangdong is generally controlled below 14%. However, the moisture content of products for the North should be lower than that for the south.
（三）榫卯结构的配合
(three) coordination of mortise and tenon structures
采用中式中药柜造型和结构，生产过程中选择合适的榫卯配合是关键工序之一。榫头与榫眼配合过松，结构不牢固，结构松散，甚至在使用过程中零部件脱落，配合过紧，材料在生产过程中会出现暴裂，同样影响质量。榫卯配合的松紧程度又与使用的材料有关，如使用松木制作，榫头在宽度方向一般比榫眼长度大0.5～1mm，但使用硬木材料做中药柜，则只能大0.1～0.3mm之间。
It is one of the key processes to choose the proper mortise and tenon coordination in the production process by adopting the modelling and structure of Chinese traditional medicine cabinet. The tenon and mortise eye cooperate too loosely, the structure is not firm, the structure is loose, and even in the use process parts fall off, cooperate too tightly, the material will appear in the production process cracking, the same impact on quality. The tightness of tenon-mortise fit is related to the materials used. For example, when made of pine, the tenon head is generally 0.5-1 mm larger in width direction than the length of tenon eye, but when made of hard wood, it can only be 0.1-0.3 mm larger.
（四）涂饰问题
(four) finishing problem
中药柜和其家木制中药柜一样，均需进行表面涂饰，一方面是为了美观，作为中药柜，更重要的是保护木材表面，隔断水分与木材的接触，保护木材不产生变形，甚至开裂。但中药柜不同于民用中药柜，与柜子直接接触的是各种药材，不合理的涂饰可能导致涂料成份进入药材中去，影响药理。因此，正确选用涂料显得非常重要。应当选择无有害物质或有害物质含量达标的涂料进行涂饰，涂料也仅限于中药柜外表面的装饰。与药材直接接触的药柜内表面不作涂饰，为了防止水分进入木材，引起中药柜变形和开裂，对可中药柜内表面进行喷蜡处理，因为取自于自然的蜂蜡不含任何对人体有害的物质，对药材药理也没什么影响。
Chinese medicine cabinet and its home wooden cabinet of Chinese medicine, are required to carry out surface painting, on the one hand, for the sake of beauty, as a cabinet of Chinese medicine, more importantly, to protect the surface of the wood, cut off moisture and wood contact, protect the wood from deformation, or even cracking. But the cabinet of traditional Chinese medicine is different from the cabinet of traditional Chinese medicine for civilian use. The cabinet is directly in contact with various medicinal materials. Unreasonable coating may cause the coating ingredients to enter the medicinal materials and affect pharmacology. Therefore, the correct choice of paint is very important. Should choose no harmful substances or harmful substances content standards paint, paint is also limited to traditional Chinese medicine cabinet surface decoration. In order to prevent moisture from entering the wood and causing deformation and cracking of the cabinet, the inner surface of the cabinet was sprayed with wax because the natural beeswax did not contain any harmful substances and had no effect on the pharmacology of the cabinet.
(1) material selection
中草药取自于自然植物的花果根茎，与实木同根同源，是完美的统一，因此，采用实木木材作为中药柜的加工材料，体现了这种完美和谐和统一。在选择实木原料时，应注意到：中药材虽与中药柜一样取自于各种植物，但它们的根本区别在于，前者需要的是材料的化学特性，后者需要的是材料的力学强度，前者是植物的花果枝叶，后者是大型植物（乔木）的主要躯干。基于以上考虑，在选择中药柜材料时，一要考虑材料具有足够强度，所做成的中药柜有足够的牢固性以支撑存储够量的药材。同时，还应注意到所选择的材料应是无味或不具有影响中药材药理的材料。大自然材料千变万化，在选择加工材料方面也和选用药材一样，需要科学分析和研究，以科学态度分析各种木材的物理力学和化学特性，同时也应辅以适当的木材处理方法，使木材对药材的影响不产生作用或产生有益的作用。木材中药柜对保存中药材另一个实用的好处就是在环境中具有一定的吸湿性，对环境气候有一定的调节作用，可以减少环境对中药药材的影响。在材料的实际选择中还应注重材料纹理的搭配，选择符合所需零件的尺寸规格，应材适用才能既节约木材，又保证质量。
Chinese herbal medicines are derived from the rhizomes of flowers and fruits of natural plants and have the same roots with real wood, which is a perfect unity. Therefore, the use of solid wood as the processing material of Chinese herbal medicine cabinet reflects the perfect harmony and unity. When choosing solid wood materials, it should be noted that although Chinese herbal medicines are derived from various plants, the fundamental difference between them is that the former requires the chemical properties of the materials, while the latter requires the mechanical strength of the materials, the former is the flowers, fruits, branches and leaves of plants, and the latter is the main trunk of large plants (trees). Based on the above considerations, in the selection of traditional Chinese medicine cabinet materials, one should consider that the material has enough strength, the cabinet made of traditional Chinese medicine has enough firmness to support the storage of enough medicinal materials. At the same time, it should also be noted that the materials selected should be tasteless or have no effect on the pharmacology of Chinese medicinal herbs. Natural materials are ever-changing, and the selection of processing materials is the same as the selection of medicinal materials. Scientific analysis and research are needed to analyze the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of various kinds of wood with a scientific attitude. At the same time, appropriate wood treatment methods should be supplemented to ensure that the influence of wood on medicinal materials does not produce any effect or beneficial effect. Another practical advantage of wood cabinet for preservation of Chinese herbal medicines is that it has a certain hygroscopicity in the environment, has a certain regulatory effect on the environment and climate, and can reduce the impact of the environment on Chinese herbal medicines. In the actual selection of materials, we should also pay attention to the matching of material texture, choose the size and specifications that meet the requirements of the parts. Only when the materials are suitable can we not only save wood, but also ensure the quality.
（二）木材干燥
(two) wood drying
实木木材最大的特点就是具有吸湿性，不经人工干燥的木材容易变形开裂，因此，选择经过人工干燥到当地平衡含水率以下的木材是必要的选项，中药柜对中药柜的尺寸稳定性要求非常高，如果产品细小的变形，必将导致斗柜开启困难，甚至无法抽拉，不同地区的气候条件不同，木材平衡含水率不同，对木材干燥后的含水率要求也不同，因此，在制造中药柜中药柜时，还应考虑各地区的影响。如广东地区木材平衡含水率是15.9%，广东地区中药柜用材含水率一般控制在14%以下，但各地不同，一般情况下，供北方的产品出厂含水率应低于供南方的产品。
The greatest characteristic of solid wood is that it is hygroscopic and easy to deform and crack without artificial drying. Therefore, it is necessary to choose wood which is dried artificially to the local equilibrium moisture content. The dimension stability of Chinese medicine cabinet is very high. If the product is small deformation, it will lead to cupboard. It is difficult to open, even unable to pull, different climatic conditions in different regions, wood balance moisture content is different, wood drying moisture requirements are different, therefore, in the manufacture of Chinese medicine cabinets, should also consider the impact of different regions. For example, the balanced moisture content of wood in Guangdong is 15.9%, and the moisture content of Chinese medicine cabinet materials in Guangdong is generally controlled below 14%. However, the moisture content of products for the North should be lower than that for the south.
（三）榫卯结构的配合
(three) coordination of mortise and tenon structures
采用中式中药柜造型和结构，生产过程中选择合适的榫卯配合是关键工序之一。榫头与榫眼配合过松，结构不牢固，结构松散，甚至在使用过程中零部件脱落，配合过紧，材料在生产过程中会出现暴裂，同样影响质量。榫卯配合的松紧程度又与使用的材料有关，如使用松木制作，榫头在宽度方向一般比榫眼长度大0.5～1mm，但使用硬木材料做中药柜，则只能大0.1～0.3mm之间。
It is one of the key processes to choose the proper mortise and tenon coordination in the production process by adopting the modelling and structure of Chinese traditional medicine cabinet. The tenon and mortise eye cooperate too loosely, the structure is not firm, the structure is loose, and even in the use process parts fall off, cooperate too tightly, the material will appear in the production process cracking, the same impact on quality. The tightness of tenon-mortise fit is related to the materials used. For example, when made of pine, the tenon head is generally 0.5-1 mm larger in width direction than the length of tenon eye, but when made of hard wood, it can only be 0.1-0.3 mm larger.
（四）涂饰问题
(four) finishing problem
中药柜和其家木制中药柜一样，均需进行表面涂饰，一方面是为了美观，作为中药柜，更重要的是保护木材表面，隔断水分与木材的接触，保护木材不产生变形，甚至开裂。但中药柜不同于民用中药柜，与柜子直接接触的是各种药材，不合理的涂饰可能导致涂料成份进入药材中去，影响药理。因此，正确选用涂料显得非常重要。应当选择无有害物质或有害物质含量达标的涂料进行涂饰，涂料也仅限于中药柜外表面的装饰。与药材直接接触的药柜内表面不作涂饰，为了防止水分进入木材，引起中药柜变形和开裂，对可中药柜内表面进行喷蜡处理，因为取自于自然的蜂蜡不含任何对人体有害的物质，对药材药理也没什么影响。
Chinese medicine cabinet and its home wooden cabinet of Chinese medicine, are required to carry out surface painting, on the one hand, for the sake of beauty, as a cabinet of Chinese medicine, more importantly, to protect the surface of the wood, cut off moisture and wood contact, protect the wood from deformation, or even cracking. But the cabinet of traditional Chinese medicine is different from the cabinet of traditional Chinese medicine for civilian use. The cabinet is directly in contact with various medicinal materials. Unreasonable coating may cause the coating ingredients to enter the medicinal materials and affect pharmacology. Therefore, the correct choice of paint is very important. Should choose no harmful substances or harmful substances content standards paint, paint is also limited to traditional Chinese medicine cabinet surface decoration. In order to prevent moisture from entering the wood and causing deformation and cracking of the cabinet, the inner surface of the cabinet was sprayed with wax because the natural beeswax did not contain any harmful substances and had no effect on the pharmacology of the cabinet.
